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Music Performance Fund in Peril
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By Mike Boehm, Los Angeles Times Staff Writer
Originally Published June, 14 2008 at 12:02 AM
Updated June, 14 2008 at 12:02 AM
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For 60 years, the Music Performance Fund, an unsung charity financed by
a small fraction of record company sales, has paid the piper -- and
just about every other kind of musician -- by helping to bankroll
thousands of free concerts annually all over North America.
They have included Metropolitan Opera performances in New York's
Central Park and a quartet led by a bassoonist who forged through icy
waters in a small boat to play for Canadian villagers above the Arctic
Circle.
Now, though, the popularity of music downloads and file-sharing
via the Internet has eaten away at record company revenues. And as the
industry has dwindled, so has the performance fund's ability to
underwrite pro bono shows.
" 'Dwindled' is an easy way of saying it's gone to pot," said John
Hall, the trustee who has managed the Music Performance Fund for most
of the last 18 years.
At its peak in the early 1980s, Hall said, the fund got more than $20
million a year from record companies. Last year, the figure was $3.4
million. In 1984, the fund helped pay musicians' salaries for 55,000
free performances. Last year, there were 9,060. The organization's
staff is down from 36 to eight.
Income from paid downloads, growing but still relatively small, is the
music industry's hope for the future. But Web-generated sales are not
in the agreement that governs the fund, negotiated between the American
Federation of Musicians and the record companies.
Locally, the Los Angeles County Arts Commission has ended a
partnership with the fund that dated back decades. Commission officials
decided that the money, which comes with some bureaucratic strings and
loss of hiring flexibility, had grown so scant that it no longer was
worth the trouble.
The performance fund "is becoming a dinosaur," said Laura Zucker,
executive director of the arts commission, a department of county
government. She hopes the fund can "be creative" and find a way to
regenerate itself for the Internet Age.
The arts commission's stake from the performance fund fell from
$60,000 in 2000-01 to $32,000 in the current fiscal year, said Heather
Rigby, the commission's public events coordinator. Next year, money
from tax coffers will replace the fund's donation.
The city of Los Angeles' Cultural Affairs Department continues to tap
the performance fund, but its annual grants have dropped from $52,500
to $30,500, forcing it to find other donors to make up the shortfall.
The Music Performance Fund gets 0.2% of what consumers spend on
records, tapes and compact discs -- up to a maximum payment of about
2.2 cents per disc. The labels can exclude about 30,000 copies of each
release before having to pay the charitable tariff, said Patrick
Varriale, who monitors the agreement for the musicians union.
Fund's roots
The fund owes its existence to James Caesar Petrillo, the son of a
Chicago sewer worker who learned the trumpet, rose to the presidency of
the American Federation of Musicians and wrote a chapter in U.S. labor
history by marshaling the nation's musicians for a strike that silenced
most record companies from summer 1942 to fall 1944.
Recorded music had been steadily supplanting live gigs for the rank and
file. After 1929, film soundtracks eliminated the job of silent-movie
accompanist. Jukeboxes were knocking humans off barroom bandstands, and
radio stations increasingly filled their music hours with cheap discs
instead of costly live performers.
Petrillo declared that there would be no more recordings until
musicians were taken care of, even rejecting an appeal from President
Franklin D. Roosevelt to end the strike for the sake of wartime morale.
The solution was the Music Performance Trust Fund, as it initially was
known.
In November 1944, the Chicago Tribune reported that the record
companies had agreed to ante up 2 cents per $2 record and a half a cent
per 35-cent record -- or about $4 million a year -- to sponsor free
concerts that would entertain the public and help put displaced
musicians back to work. Other disagreements arose, leading to a second,
yearlong strike, but in 1948 the fund began providing free concerts
underwritten by record sales.
The musicians union expects to begin negotiations toward a new
recording agreement this fall, and, as always, the terms governing the
performance fund are potentially on the table. Trustee Hall wants the
union to negotiate the fund into the Internet Age by insisting it
receive a share of music downloads.
Thomas Lee, president of the musicians union, said he favors going to
bat for the fund in negotiations, on the theory that more free concerts
and music education will, in the long run, pay dividends by creating
more music fans.
Getting folks on board
But recording musicians, who will help set bargaining priorities, may
not go along. "Attempting to do anything [for the performance fund]
without their approval or generosity of spirit would be difficult," Lee
said, adding that many musicians may feel that "I'm looking out for me
right now -- I've got a tough time making a living."
Rather than wait for the union to come through, Hall plans to hit the
pavement this summer with his hand out. He said he is planning the
fund's first fundraising campaign, aiming to bolster its grant-making
and create a $10-million endowment.
The main points in his pitch: Few performing arts charities have a
longer track record, and none reaches farther geographically or
embraces a wider range of audiences and musical styles.
"We distribute 65,000 paychecks to musicians per year," he said. "There
is no organization in the world that comes anywhere near us."
The partnership between the Los Angeles County Arts Commission and the
Music Performance Fund ended in April -- at least for now -- atop a
flatbed trailer that sufficed as a stage in a La Puente park. There,
the Susie Hansen Latin Band closed an afternoon show by blazing through
a salsa-inflected version of "Vehicle," a rock oldie from 1970 by the
Ides of March. The musicians played for neighborhood folks, kids in
baseball uniforms and an assortment of their regular fans, topping off
a special event for the local Little League.
With the 10 members earning union scale, the gig wasn't as lucrative as
most of the band's, Hansen said. But since 1980, first in Chicago and
then in L.A., she had been happy to play for the Music Performance Fund.
"I can't tell you how many concerts we wouldn't have played" without
it, she said. "I hope it doesn't mean the county stops having these
concerts.
"It's a wonderful thing."
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